A relevância do senso de urgência

No Brasil, o mais previsível é que o imprevisível sempre pode acontecer

  • Luiz Carlos Trabuco Cappi, O Estado de S.Paulo

Um prognóstico coincidente entre os líderes do Congresso, parlamentares, equipe econômica e analistas aponta, desde já, como é atípico este 2021 – e não somente pela questão do ritmo da vacinação e a resistência da pandemia com as novas variantes da covid-19. Em declarações públicas, protagonistas da vida brasileira indicam que o ano legislativo deverá ter calendário curto, por conta das articulações antecipadas, e já iniciadas, para as eleições gerais de 2022.

Bolsonaro
Pandemia e articulações antecipadas para sucessão do presidente Jair Bolsonaro em 2022 tornam 2021 um ano atípico Foto: DIDA SAMPAIO/ESTADÃO

Deputados e senadores voltarão seu foco para as bases em seus Estados e as negociações da formação das chapas para a sucessão presidencial passarão a ser o centro da preocupação dos partidos e classe política, gradualmente.

Essa previsão se sustenta no ritmo dos acontecimentos e no ciclo eleitoral natural, que coroa a democracia brasileira de dois em dois anos, com as eleições municipais e as eleições gerais acontecendo de forma intercalada. Trata-se, pois, de sermos realistas para esse cenário de limitações de calendário em relação às expectativas sobre reformas econômicas e de modernização do Estado brasileiro.

Entretanto, não se deve olhar essa combinação de presente e futuro imediato de maneira apressadamente pessimista.

Os congressistas, em trabalho articulado com a equipe econômica, podem fazer muito neste período concentrado de votações. O principal estímulo é a própria situação emergencial vivida pelo Brasil, que registrou PIB negativo de 4% em 2020, o maior tombo em 30 anos, tem 14 milhões de desempregados e vive o pior momento da pandemia.

As lideranças do Congresso demonstram clareza sobre o tamanho de sua responsabilidade perante a sociedade brasileira neste início de ano. O desejado senso de urgência, porém, ainda não se fez presente no conjunto do Congresso, como se viu na votação da PEC Emergencial e no encaminhamento do Orçamento da União.

Mas é preciso criar expectativas positivas em relação à pauta que pode definir a recuperação econômica, resumida em três pontos: vacinação intensa, reforma tributária e reforma administrativa.

Não há como acelerar o crescimento sem injetar confiança econômica. E tudo começa por meio de medidas legislativas novas, que permitam ao governo instrumentos para uma gestão eficiente das suas contas, e livrar a sociedade de amarras burocráticas e obrigações em excesso pelo pandemônio tributário atual.

A questão tributária e a falta de eficiência do setor público explicam o baixo investimento na economia, o que se refletiu nos dados de PIB dos últimos anos pré-pandemia. O crescimento patinou pouco acima do 1% de 2017 a 2019. Com o dado de 2020, o Brasil andou para trás e saiu da lista das dez maiores economias do mundo. 

Nenhum cenário é imune a crises – o lançamento de um amplo programa de vacinação em massa, igualitário, intenso e rápido, por exemplo, ainda é um desafio.

Não teremos projetos no feitio dos sonhos de todos, não devemos nos iludir. Mas apenas a sinalização de que é possível o início de uma nova etapa virtuosa para a economia pela aprovação desta pauta básica é um grande alento.

Bem aproveitados pelo Congresso, sem a tentação de sobrepor assuntos não econômicos que possam atrasar o andamento da agenda legislativa, esses próximos meses podem ser um atalho de muitos anos para o desenvolvimento e prosperidade do Brasil.

O período eleitoral promete trazer volatilidade aos mercados, como sempre acontece. Mas seu efeito será tanto menor quanto maior forem os avanços na pauta das reformas em 2021. É a garantia de maior estabilidade futura, tanto para o governo quanto para a oposição. Ou seja, uma vez bem encaminhadas as reformas fundamentais, a projetada antecipação do debate eleitoral não vai prejudicar a vida das empresas, os planos de investimentos, a criação de empregos e a atração de capital estrangeiro. 

E as eleições serão, outra vez, a festa imponente da democracia – com a economia direcionada para um novo ciclo de crescimento.

Porque, no Brasil, o mais previsível é que o imprevisível sempre pode acontecer.

*PRESIDENTE DO CONSELHO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DO BRADESCO 

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