Dados do Ministério da Cidadania mostram que 19,9 milhões de famílias, 43,6% do total de beneficiados, terão direito apenas ao piso do benefício, que começou a ser pago na última terça-feira
Idiana Tomazelli, O Estado de S.Paulo
BRASÍLIA – A maior parte do público do auxílio emergencial vai receber o menor valor do benefício, que é de R$ 150 mensais, informou o Ministério da Cidadania ao Estadão/Broadcast. Serão 19,994 milhões de famílias contempladas na categoria “unipessoal”, isto é, formadas por apenas uma pessoa. O número representa 43,6% do público total estimado para a nova rodada.
Outras 16,373 milhões de famílias com mais de um integrante vão receber R$ 250, enquanto 9,47 milhões de mulheres que são as únicas provedoras do lar receberão R$ 375. A nova rodada do auxílio emergencial terá quatro parcelas, e o pagamento começou ontem.
Os dados já haviam sido antecipados pela reportagem, mas nunca foram revelados oficialmente pelo governo, que preferiu centrar seu discurso no “valor médio” de R$ 250. A estratégia foi adotada depois da insatisfação de aliados e dos próprios beneficiários com a redução do valor da ajuda, que começou em abril de 2020 em R$ 600 e caiu a R$ 300 entre setembro e dezembro do ano passado.
Os valores atuais são considerados insuficientes para atender a demandas básicas de alimentação, higiene pessoal e limpeza de uma família. Como mostrou o Estadão, o custo da cesta básica na capital paulista para uma família de quatro pessoas ficou em R$ 1.014,63 em fevereiro, segundo levantamento da Fundação Procon feito em parceria com o Dieese. O “valor médio” do auxílio cobre menos de 25% do custo. Só o preço do gás de cozinha, por exemplo, já está próximo de R$ 100.
Para ter acesso aos dados oficiais e detalhados, o Estadão/Broadcast fez a solicitação com base na Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) em 19 de março, um dia após a edição da medida provisória que recriou o programa sob novas regras. No mesmo dia, a reportagem fez pedido igual por meio de assessoria de imprensa do Ministério da Cidadania, mas foi informada de que a pasta ainda estava “consolidando os números sobre a quantidade de pessoas beneficiadas por faixa de valor”. A nota técnica com todos os detalhes, porém, foi assinada pelas áreas responsáveis em 15 de março.
No documento, o governo detalha o processo de exclusão de beneficiários que permitiu “afunilar” o programa, chegando ao número de 45,8 milhões de brasileiros que receberão a ajuda. Essa foi uma diretriz adotada pela equipe para limitar o custo do auxílio, que no ano passado ficou em R$ 322 bilhões. Para este ano, estão reservados R$ 44 bilhões.
Mudanças
O critério que mais excluiu beneficiários foi a regra que prevê apenas uma cota do auxílio por família. Até o ano passado, era possível que duas pessoas recebessem a ajuda. Sob o novo critério, foram removidos 6,567 milhões de beneficiários.
A redução dos valores do auxílio também fez com que 2,875 milhões de beneficiários do Bolsa Família permanecessem no programa, que tem valor mais vantajoso para eles, em vez de serem transferidos ao auxílio emergencial. Segundo estimativa do governo, só essa mudança gerou economia de R$ 1,5 bilhão.
Há ainda exclusões de quem não movimentou os valores da primeira rodada do auxílio até outubro de 2020 (751,5 mil) e pela redefinição do limite de renda (188,3 mil). Antes, poderia receber o auxílio quem tivesse renda de até meio salário mínimo por pessoa, ou três salários mínimos por família. Agora, os dois critérios têm de ser preenchidos ao mesmo tempo – o que elimina, por exemplo, uma família de apenas duas pessoas com renda de dois salários mínimos.
Para justificar os valores da nova rodada do benefício, o governo calculou o “hiato” entre a renda habitual dos trabalhadores e o que foi efetivamente recebido. Esse hiato seria a perda de renda durante a pandemia e uma medida do impacto do distanciamento social.
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