Brasil tem R$ 2,9 bi parados, mas pedirá mais dinheiro contra desmatamento
Na cúpula do clima organizada pelo presidente Joe Biden, Bolsonaro pretende reivindicar ajuda internacional para projetos de preservação ambiental, mesmo tendo quantia bilionária do Fundo Amazônia parada em uma conta do governo federal
André Borges, O Estado de S.Paulo
BRASÍLIA – O Brasil chega hoje à cúpula do clima organizada pelo presidente dos EUA, Joe Biden, com um embaraço diplomático de R$ 2,9 bilhões. Esse é o montante doado por Noruega e Alemanha, no âmbito do programa Fundo Amazônia, que há mais de dois anos está parado em uma conta bancária do governo federal.
Desde o início do mandato de Jair Bolsonaro, em janeiro de 2019, nenhum novo programa de proteção da Amazônia foi financiado pelo fundo. Hoje, quando Bolsonaro pedir mais dinheiro para proteger a floresta, terá de encarar a chanceler alemã, Angela Merkel, e a primeira-ministra da Noruega, Erna Solberg, que até agora não sabem qual será o destino da verba repassada ao Brasil.
A reportagem questionou o ministro do Meio Ambiente, Ricardo Salles, sobre o que motiva o governo a pedir US$ 1 bilhão aos EUA para preservação ambiental, quando o País já possui R$ 2,9 bilhões imobilizados há mais de dois anos. Salles culpou a Noruega pela paralisação. “O fundo está paralisado desde 2019 a pedido da Noruega, e não por decisão do Brasil”, disse.
De fato, o que ocorreu é que, em junho de 2019, o governo brasileiro editou um decreto que dissolveu o Comitê Orientador do Fundo Amazônia (Cofa) e o Comitê Técnico do Fundo Amazônia (CTFA), que faziam o fundo acontecer. À época, a Noruega declarou que, “dada a conjuntura atual”, o país não tinha “fundamento jurídico e técnico” para realizar a contribuição anual do Fundo Amazônia.
Salles paralisou os repasses a novos projetos no início do governo Bolsonaro, com o argumento de ter encontrado “fragilidades” nos projetos. Paralelamente, o BNDES, que administra os recursos, afastou sua chefia do Departamento de Meio Ambiente, que cuidava do programa. Nunca veio à tona qualquer prova de irregularidades na gestão do fundo, que tem seus resultados publicados regularmente.
Salles insiste que a paralisia se deve ao posicionamento dos noruegueses, que doaram 94% do total destinado ao Fundo Amazônia até hoje. “Eles não aceitaram o novo decreto e mandaram uma carta proibindo o fundo de aprovar novos projetos”, afirmou o ministro.
O Estadão procurou a Embaixada da Noruega, que ainda não se manifestou sobre o assunto. A Embaixada da Alemanha afirmou, por meio de nota, que “está em diálogo com o governo brasileiro” para resolver a situação o mais rápido possível.
Nesta semana, em entrevista à BBC, o ministro do Meio Ambiente da Noruega, Sveinung Rotevatn, deu o tom sobre o assunto. “Diminuir o desmatamento no curto prazo é uma questão de vontade política, não de falta de financiamento adiantado”, disse.
O BNDES confirmou à reportagem que, desde 2019, não aprova novos projetos, mas apenas repasses às ações que já estavam contratadas em anos anteriores. O último desembolso ocorreu em 16 de março, com R$ 4,2 milhões destinados ao Projeto Floresta para Sempre, realizado pelo Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazônia (Imazon).
O rendimento do Fundo Amazônia, segundo o BNDES, foi de R$ 207 milhões, em 2019, e de R$ 203 milhões, em 2018. O saldo está investido nos fundos Gaia e Gaia II, geridos pelo Banco do Brasil, que mantém a atualização monetária de recursos disponíveis para financiar projetos. PARA ENTENDERO que é o encontro convocado por Joe BidenReunião de líderes mundiais quer estabelecer novos compromissos para a redução das emissões de carbono e nasceu do interesse americano de se recolocar como protagonista no cenário internacional após os anos Trump
Assim, ao pedir mais dinheiro, Bolsonaro deixa sem destino a maior iniciativa ambiental do Brasil. Os recursos do Fundo Amazônia, criado em 2008, são repassados a fundo perdido. A única contrapartida exigida é a apresentação de resultados práticos das iniciativas.
Na cúpula que começa hoje, os americanos sabem que o Brasil pedirá ajuda e estão dispostos a colaborar. O problema, segundo eles, é confiar em um governo que até agora não se mostrou comprometido com a preservação ambiental. “É claro que haverá algum envolvimento global com o Brasil. Não é cada um por si”, disse ontem um funcionário do alto escalão do governo Biden. “Mas, se países não estiverem avançando por conta própria, é muito difícil para a comunidade global se envolver.” / COLABOROU BEATRIZ BULLA
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