Com alta do minério de ferro, mineradora tinha saldo de R$ 73,4 bilhões em março, enquanto a petroleira contava com R$ 71,5 bilhões

José Fucs, O Estado de S. Paulo

O estudo sobre a evolução do endividamento das companhias de capital aberto do País nos últimos dez anos, produzido para o Estadão pela Economatica, uma empresa de dados financeiros, dedicou um capítulo à parte para a Vale e a Petrobrás.

Os números mostram realidades bem distintas entre as duas empresas, cujas dívidas representam quase 40% do endividamento das 239 companhias incluídas na pesquisa consolidada do mercado. Enquanto a dívida bruta da Petrobrás teve crescimento real (descontada a inflação) de 55,9% de dezembro de 2011 a março de 2021, a da Vale aumentou apenas 1,3% no período, de acordo com os números dos balanços do período (ver gráfico ao lado).

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Ao mesmo tempo, o caixa da petroleira, ou seja, os recursos disponíveis para pagamento de despesas correntes, teve queda real de 18,5%, enquanto o da mineradora engordou 487,1%. 

Em 2020, pela primeira vez em pelo menos dez anos, a Vale fechou o balanço com mais dinheiro em caixa que a Petrobrás, vantagem mantida no primeiro trimestre deste ano, segundo a Economatica. 

ctv-swi-vale
Em um ano, as ações da Vale mais do que dobraram de valor, com alta de 160% Foto: Fabio Motta/Estadão

Desalavancagem

Em relação ao período mais recente, a Petrobrás informou que o aumento expressivo da dívida bruta em reais se deve, essencialmente, ao impacto da variação cambial nos balanços. Segundo os dados da empresa, a dívida em dólar caiu, em vez de subir, de US$ 87,1 bilhões, em 2019, para US$ 75,5 bilhões em 2020. 

A Petrobrás disse ainda que a prática de preços internacionais na venda de combustíveis foi “essencial” para continuar a reduzir o seu endividamento, mesmo com crescimento das operações, e que, em linha com o seu Plano Estratégico, continua em processo de “desalavancagem”, com o objetivo de diminuir a sua dívida bruta para US$ 60 bilhões até o fim de 2022.

Do lado da Vale, o diretor de Tesouraria e Finanças, Felipe Aigner, diz que a realização de desinvestimentos e o término do ciclo mais intenso de investimentos, com a conclusão do Complexo de Carajás, viabilizaram uma redução gradual do endividamento desde 2017. “O período de 2014 a 2016, quando o preço do minério de ferro caiu abaixo de US$ 40 por tonelada (hoje está na faixa de US$ 200), foi duro para as mineradoras.”

Aigner afirma também que, com a rápida recuperação da economia chinesa após os impactos da pandemia, os preços do minério de ferro atingiram patamares historicamente altos. Isso permitiu uma redução adicional da alavancagem da Vale e uma maior geração de caixa, mesmo após a empresa cumprir as suas obrigações de reparação legal pelas perdas de Brumadinho, retomar sua política de distribuição de dividendos e anunciar um programa de recompra de ações.

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By valeon

126 thoughts on “Posição de caixa da Vale supera a da Petrobrás”
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