Aumentar produtividade e taxa de investimentos privados
Lucas Gonzalez – Jornal o Tempo
O desempenho da economia brasileira vem surpreendendo positivamente em nosso país. A retomada das atividades no segundo semestre de 2020 foi superior à esperada, bem como ocorreu no crescimento no primeiro trimestre de 2021 e, agora, em abril, com 120,9 mil vagas criadas, segundo o Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados (Caged). No entanto, 14,8 milhões de brasileiros ainda se encontram sem espaço no mercado de trabalho, o que exige do Parlamento a máxima mobilização em prol das reformas estruturantes, que se apresentam de modo emergencial para o país.
Em função da segunda onda da pandemia, com alta no número de casos e de mortes decorrentes da Covid-19, e em razão do fim do auxílio emergencial, a expectativa unânime entre os analistas financeiros era de crescimento negativo do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) no primeiro trimestre. Porém, nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro, a produção industrial, as vendas no varejo e o setor de serviços mostraram crescimento da atividade, e o IBC-BR, índice de atividade do Banco Central, apresentou forte crescimento. O resultado foi uma acentuada melhora das expectativas quanto ao crescimento do PIB do Brasil, e não apenas no primeiro trimestre, mas no ano de 2021.
O que ocorre? Vamos lá. Desde 2016, o Brasil está passando por um grande conjunto de reformas que começam, agora, a surgir seus efeitos. O Parlamento criou um teto para o crescimento do gasto público e uma importante reforma da Previdência Social.
Essas ações reduziram o risco fiscal. Várias outras medidas foram aprovadas, como a reforma do ensino médio, a trabalhista, a do mercado de capitais, e foi liberada a terceirização, com a Taxa de Juros de Longo Prazo (TJLP) sendo substituída pela Taxa de Longo Prazo (TLP) nos empréstimos do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES). Por fim, e com nosso apoio, ocorreu a aprovação dos marcos regulatórios do setor de saneamento, óleo e gás, uma nova lei de falências e o reforço da independência do Banco Central, que aumenta sua credibilidade e a autonomia formal, algo aprovado em 2020.
Todas essas reformas tiveram como objetivo aumentar a produtividade e a taxa de investimento privada. O sucesso dos leilões de concessões realizados no primeiro trimestre de 2021 mostra a importância dessas reformas. Foram leiloados 22 aeroportos, três portos, uma ferrovia, uma rodovia e a companhia de água e esgoto do estado do Rio de Janeiro, a Cedae, além de outros projetos de menor porte.
Apesar da pandemia e das incertezas quanto à retomada da atividade, foram arrecadados mais de R$ 50 bilhões em outorgas, e estão programados mais de R$ 100 bilhões de investimentos nos próximos dez anos, o que mostra que o Brasil continua atraente para o capital de longo prazo.
A combinação de crescimento da demanda com agentes mais produtivos, em menor número e com mais acesso ao mercado de capitais, indica crescimento do investimento e, portanto, do crescimento de longo prazo. Este é o caminho. Assim seremos mais fortes.
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