Combate à corrupção
Por
Wesley Oliveira – Gazeta do Povo
Brasília
Carlos Zarattini (PT-SP) é o relator do projeto de lei que afrouxa a Lei de Improbidade Administrativa e que foi aprovado pela Câmara.| Foto: Pablo Valadares/Câmara dos Deputados
Em votação realizada às pressas e sem discussão mais ampla, a Câmara dos Deputados aprovou nesta quarta-feira (16) o projeto que muda a Lei de Improbidade Administrativa. O texto altera dispositivos da lei que podem enfraquecer o combate à corrupção no país, segundo agentes do Ministério Público e de entidades que fiscalizam a transparência pública.
Com apoio da bancada governista e da oposição, o projeto foi aprovado por ampla maioria: foram 408 votos a favor e apenas 67 contra a proposta. O texto ainda precisa passar pelo Senado Federal.
Uma das alterações na lei prevê que, para punir um agente público, é preciso provar que ele teve a intenção de praticar um ato que caracterize a improbidade administrativa. Pela legislação em vigor, a punição pode ser aplicada mesmo se a investigação não conseguir caracterizar que houve má-fé do gestor.
O projeto de lei também livra agentes públicos de serem processados se a atitude deles não causar perda patrimonial ao Estado e dificulta a punição de empresas que se envolveram em atos de improbidade.
Em duas mudanças de última hora, cuja extensão dos efeitos ainda não está clara, o “ato visando fim proibido em lei” deixa de ser improbidade, bem como a transferência de recursos a entidades privadas de saúde sem a celebração prévia de contrato.
Alguns trechos aprovados, porém, foram mais brandos do que na primeira versão do projeto. Esses trechos tratam de punições e prazos prescricionais.
Uma mudança mais significativa em relação ao projeto original é que o texto aprovado manteve como ato de improbidade práticas como o nepotismo e a “carteirada” de agentes públicos — o primeiro relatório do deputado Carlos Zarattini (PT-SP) “liberava” esse tipo de atitude.
Outra novidade é que a propaganda pública com caráter personalista passa a ser improbidade (veja abaixo a lista das principais mudanças).
Mudanças na Lei de Improbidade foram feitas “às escuras” e às pressas
O projeto que muda a Lei de Improbidade foi votado em regime de urgência no plenário. O texto aprovado só foi protocolado na Câmara no fim da tarde da terça-feira (15), véspera da votação, e não chegou a ser apreciado pela comissão criada para analisá-lo, o que costuma ser a praxe na Câmara.
Diversas correntes políticas apoiam a ideia de mudar a Lei de Improbidade. Nos bastidores, a proposta é vista como uma reação do Congresso contra a Lava Jato.
O ex-presidente da Câmara Rodrigo Maia (ex-DEM-RJ) foi quem criou o grupo de trabalho que apresentou uma proposta inicial para mudar a Lei de Improbidade. O texto final foi relatado pelo deputado Carlos Zarattini (SP), do PT.
O líder do governo na Câmara, Ricardo Barros (PP-PR) disse recentemente que o projeto era uma das prioridades da Câmara. O presidente Jair Bolsonaro também chegou a defender mudanças na lei. E o atual presidente da Câmara, Arthur Lira (PP-AL), foi quem estabeleceu o regime de urgência para votá-lo, num acordo costurado com os líderes partidários.
Durante a votação, Lira rebateu os opositores ao texto afirmando que a votação é um avanço institucional e que prefeitos, gestores e ministros apoiam a mudança. “O projeto irá destravar os empecilhos que atualmente mais confundem e paralisam do que efetivamente preservam o interesse público […] Gestão pública no Brasil não é fácil. Vamos assegurar ao bom gestor a retaguarda para que possa ajudar o país em sua honrosa missão, sem estar vulnerável, por conta das leis que são feitas, para criar dúvidas e não para reforçar as certezas”, defendeu Lira.
Já o líder do Novo na Câmara, deputado Vinicius Poit (SP) chegou a pedir a retirada do projeto da pauta de hoje. Segundo o deputado, o texto ainda precisava de melhorias.
” Nós colocamos esse requerimento de retirada de pauta após conversarmos sim com o relator, mas não chegarmos a um consenso. Entendemos que existem pontos nessa lei que carecem de melhoria se for para nós apertarmos o combate à corrupção e sim olhar para o bom gestor”, disse.
Líder do governo e defensor da matéria, Ricardo Barros, orientou contra a retirada de pauta e indicou que o “governo quer votar essa lei que altera a Lei da Improbidade”.
“Eu fui gestor municipal, Prefeito de Maringá, Secretário da Indústria e Comércio do Paraná, Ministro da Saúde, gestor público nos três níveis, e posso assegurar que o apagão das canetas está prejudicando muito o nosso País. As pessoas não querem mais decidir. As pessoas não querem mais tomar o seu poder discricionário de escolher um caminho, uma solução, porque são atacadas de forma irascível pelos órgãos de controle.. Então, dizer com clareza o que é improbidade, dizer que é preciso haver dolo e dano ao Erário para ser improbidade, e aumentar a pena daqueles que realmente cometeram improbidade é um excelente caminho para o Brasil” argumentou.
No mesmo caminho, o relator argumentou que as modificações evitarão que os gestores públicos se sintam ameaçados a todo tempo pelos órgãos de fiscalização. “Queremos ter uma lei que, de fato, puna quem tem que ser punido, aqueles que causam dano ao patrimônio público e os corruptos. E queremos ao mesmo tempo permitir que os gestores, os administradores, tenham liberdade para exercer, dentro da lei, suas atribuições”, afirmou Zarattini.
“Há uma ausência total de debate em relação ao projeto. O momento é inoportuno em relação à pandemia. A pressa e a falta de conhecimento prévio [ do projeto] nos deixam em uma situação de apreensão”, disse à Gazeta do Povo na segunda-feira (14) Manoel Murrieta, presidente da Associação Nacional dos Membros do Ministério Público (Conamp).
Também na segunda-feira, o procurador-geral de Justiça do Ministério Público de São Paulo, Mário Sarrubbo, disse que a Câmara estaria tentando “passar a boiada” com o projeto. Para ele, a intenção seria travar o trabalho dos órgãos de combate à corrupção. “A Lei de Improbidade é uma das mais importantes legislações no combate à pandemia da corrupção. Será que a população quer mesmo tornar a Lei da Improbidade na Lei da Impunidade?”, questionou o procurador.
Presidente da Frente Parlamentar Mista de Combate à Corrupção, a deputada Adriana Ventura (Novo-SP) também criticou a votação da matéria sem um amplo debate. “O Brasil já teve muitos impactos negativos no combate à corrupção nesses dois [últimos] anos. Votar a reforma da Lei de Improbidade Administrativa direto no plenário, sem a devida discussão nas comissões, pode ser mais um forte impacto no Brasil que luta pela integridade e moralidade”, afirmou à Gazeta do Povo.
Leia mais em: https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/republica/camara-aprova-projeto-que-enfraquece-lei-de-improbidade-administrativa/
Copyright © 2021, Gazeta do Povo. Todos os direitos reservados.
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