Fernando Valente Pimentel* – Jornal Estadão
Fernando Valente Pimentel. FOTO: DIVULGAÇÃO
Desde a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, o Brasil tem desperdiçado várias oportunidades de instituir um sistema tributário moderno, desburocratizado, isonômico na taxação de todos os setores e indutor do desenvolvimento. As disposições transitórias da Carta delimitaram o período de cinco anos para votação de emendas em turno único e maioria simples na Câmara dos Deputados e no Senado. Perdemos o prazo, dificultando a aprovação, para a qual são agora necessários dois turnos em cada casa do Parlamento e maioria absoluta de três quintos. Estas são as regras atuais e devemos segui-las.
Depois de 33 anos, o item “honrar tributos” representa cerca de R$ 270 bilhões do total de R$ 1,5 trilhão anual a mais que as empresas gastam para operar no nosso país em relação à média das nações da OCDE (Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico), conforme revela estudo do Boston Consulting Group, com a participação de entidades de classe. Dentre os 12 fatores do “Custo Brasil” listados no relatório, os tributos são uns dos mais onerosos, com impacto significativo na competitividade e no nível de atividade. Nessas três décadas, crescemos muito abaixo da economia mundial. Em todos os rankings internacionais nosso país tem classificação vexatória entre os sistemas tributários vigentes no planeta.
Como a velha máxima de que “gato escaldado tem medo de água fria” segue atualíssima, preocupa-nos o fato de, mais uma vez, podermos vir a perder a oportunidade de concretizar a reforma tributária, dissipando a disposição política inicial de realizá-la nos presentes governo e legislatura federais, talvez a mais clara e entusiasmada a que assistimos dentre as várias tentativas ao longo desses 33 anos. Verifica-se, também, a disposição dos governos estaduais, inclusive com a possibilidade de renunciarem aos fundos de desenvolvimento regional.
Temos propostas colocadas no Congresso Nacional que foram objeto de exaustivos estudos e análises e que também resultam de mais de 20 anos de debate público sobre o IVA, que poderão nos conduzir à aprovação, mesmo que em distintas fases, de um modelo tributário mais simplificado, não gerador de cumulatividade, que não taxe os investimentos, com carga mais equânime entre os setores da economia e que não gere créditos de dificílimo recebimento contra os entes federativos, dentre outras características positivas.
Em paralelo à tributária, tramita a Proposta de Emenda Constitucional relativa à reforma administrativa, cujas regras de transição preveem um período longo, não resultando, de imediato, na concepção de um novo organismo público muito mais enxuto, racional e eficiente. O aperfeiçoamento do sistema de impostos, por sua vez, proporcionaria, em mais curto prazo, uma sinalização aos agentes econômicos de avanços importantes para o ambiente de negócios, competitividade, investimentos e geração de empregos. Há plenas condições e é importante que as duas propostas caminhem simultaneamente e sejam votadas pela Câmara dos Deputados e o Senado.
A conclusão das duas reformas de modo assertivo sinalizaria a possibilidade de um Estado mais eficaz, capaz de suprir de modo adequado as áreas prioritárias da saúde, educação e segurança, decisivas para nosso progresso, bem como estimularia investimentos, criando condições mais favoráveis à retomada econômica. Seriam reduzidos, de imediato, o grau de insegurança jurídica e os temores de que o Brasil siga fazendo do empreendedorismo uma corrida de obstáculos, fator tão nocivo à nossa economia.
A reforma tributária é urgente. Precisa simplificar o sistema, extinguir as assimetrias, com todos os setores sendo taxados na mesma proporção, incluir todos os impostos e ampliar a base de contribuintes. Para este último avanço, há duas medidas decisivas. A primeira é reduzir alíquotas, desestimulando a sonegação e incentivando o pagamento. Aliás, destinando menos dinheiro ao fisco, as empresas investem, ampliam a produção e pagam mais impostos. A receita fiscal cresce. A segunda providência diz respeito à necessidade de a reforma transcender à economia analógica, abrangendo também a digital, o que incluirá a taxação de numerosas atividades hoje informais. Este é outro fator que poderá reduzir a carga de cada contribuinte e ampliar a arrecadação total. Este último capítulo, porém, parece ainda não estar maduro para avançar.
Considerada a prioridade da reforma, não podemos esperar o próximo governo e a nova legislatura do Congresso Nacional, como já fizemos em tantas outras ocasiões. Ambos ainda têm quase metade de seus mandatos a cumprir, com as respectivas responsabilidades perante o País e seu povo. Não podemos ser a “República da Eterna Procrastinação”. Já perdemos três décadas! É urgente proporcionar ao Brasil uma alternativa para que volte a crescer e atenda à agenda da inclusão social, da proteção ambiental, da educação, saúde e segurança, direitos universais da humanidade e fatores condicionantes do desenvolvimento.
*Fernando Valente Pimentel é presidente da Associação Brasileira da Indústria Têxtil e de Confecção (Abit)
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