Amazônia tem a pior marca de desmatamento dos últimos 10 anos; conheça como o agronegócio pode ajudar a conservar a floresta
O desmatamento na Amazônia no período de agosto de 2020 a julho de 2021 foi o maior dos últimos 10 anos, de acordo com o Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazônia (Imazon). Nesses 12 meses, a área desmatada foi de 10.476 km², um número 57% maior que o registrado no período de agosto de 2019 e julho de 2020.
Quando considerado apenas julho deste ano, foram devastados 2.095 km² de floresta, uma área maior ao município de São Paulo e 80% superior do que foi registrado no mesmo mês do ano passado. Os estados que mais desmataram em julho e no acumulado dos últimos 12 meses foram, respectivamente, Pará e Amazonas.
A devastação da floresta gera preocupação porque contribui com a emissão de gases que provocam as mudanças climáticas. Além disso, o bioma é responsável por gerar as chuvas que caem em boa parte do Brasil, inclusive nas principais áreas produtoras agropecuárias do Centro-Oeste e Sudeste. Portanto, a preservação da mata é de interesse direto do agronegócio.
Cadastro positivo da agropecuária
Preocupados com a preservação do bioma amazônico e a repercussão negativa internacional por conta da devastação da floresta, grandes frigoríficos têm lançado iniciativas para estimular o monitoramento de sua produção e evitar o fornecimento de gado de criadores que possam ter cometido crimes ambientais ou usado mão de obra análoga à escravidão.
A JBS, maior empresa de proteína do mundo, lançou uma plataforma que utiliza blockchain para rastrear toda a sua cadeia produtiva e criar um “cadastro positivo” até 2025. A companhia tem uma tolerância zero para a derrubada de áreas nativas e invasão de áreas protegidas, como terras indígenas e unidades de conservação ambiental.
A segunda maior companhia produtora de carnes do mundo, a Marfrig, adotou objetivos semelhantes. A empresa estendeu os seus compromissos socioambientais aos seus fornecedores. Algumas das premissas que devem ser seguidas, são o não desmatamento da fazenda após 2009, seja de forma legal ou ilegal, e a proibição de compra de produtores que estejam embargados pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama).
Agronegócio integrado à floresta
A produção agropecuária pode perfeitamente conviver com a mata. Técnicas como a Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF), além de propiciar a baixa emissão de gases causadores de efeito estufa, contribuem para elevar a produtividade na propriedade. A estratégia de produção pode ser realizada em cultivo consorciado, em sucessão ou em rotação, proporcionando benefício mútuo para todas as atividades envolvidas.
O sistema otimiza o uso da terra, reduz o uso de agroquímicos e a abertura de novas áreas para fins agropecuários. A ILPF também diversifica a produção, enquanto estimula o aumento da biodiversidade e colabora com o controle dos processos erosivos.
Integração de áreas degradadas recuperadas
O novo Código Florestal prevê a recomposição da Reserva Legal em áreas degradadas. Com isso, existem muitos projetos de reflorestamento em andamento, contudo, as informações sobre a sua eficiência estão espalhadas, o que dificulta o compartilhamento de experiências entre produtores rurais.
Para superar esse obstáculo, a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) desenvolveu o aplicativo AgroTag-Veg, que integra as informações sobre o reflorestamento de áreas rurais em Rondônia à base de dados nacional. A solução facilita diagnósticos, ajuda a subsidiar políticas públicas e gera cenários e tendências.
A ferramenta contribui, ainda, para o intercâmbio de conhecimentos e a validação de tecnologias florestais que favoreçam os processos de conversão de áreas degradadas em áreas produtivas ou fornecedoras de serviços ambientais.
Fonte: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazônia (Imazon), JBS, Marfrig.
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