Com alta do minério de ferro, mineradora tinha saldo de R$ 73,4 bilhões em março, enquanto a petroleira contava com R$ 71,5 bilhões
José Fucs, O Estado de S. Paulo
O estudo sobre a evolução do endividamento das companhias de capital aberto do País nos últimos dez anos, produzido para o Estadão pela Economatica, uma empresa de dados financeiros, dedicou um capítulo à parte para a Vale e a Petrobrás.
Os números mostram realidades bem distintas entre as duas empresas, cujas dívidas representam quase 40% do endividamento das 239 companhias incluídas na pesquisa consolidada do mercado. Enquanto a dívida bruta da Petrobrás teve crescimento real (descontada a inflação) de 55,9% de dezembro de 2011 a março de 2021, a da Vale aumentou apenas 1,3% no período, de acordo com os números dos balanços do período (ver gráfico ao lado).
LEIA TAMBÉM
Analistas preveem queda do preço do minério de ferro na China com aumento gradual da oferta
Ao mesmo tempo, o caixa da petroleira, ou seja, os recursos disponíveis para pagamento de despesas correntes, teve queda real de 18,5%, enquanto o da mineradora engordou 487,1%.
Em 2020, pela primeira vez em pelo menos dez anos, a Vale fechou o balanço com mais dinheiro em caixa que a Petrobrás, vantagem mantida no primeiro trimestre deste ano, segundo a Economatica.
Desalavancagem
Em relação ao período mais recente, a Petrobrás informou que o aumento expressivo da dívida bruta em reais se deve, essencialmente, ao impacto da variação cambial nos balanços. Segundo os dados da empresa, a dívida em dólar caiu, em vez de subir, de US$ 87,1 bilhões, em 2019, para US$ 75,5 bilhões em 2020.
A Petrobrás disse ainda que a prática de preços internacionais na venda de combustíveis foi “essencial” para continuar a reduzir o seu endividamento, mesmo com crescimento das operações, e que, em linha com o seu Plano Estratégico, continua em processo de “desalavancagem”, com o objetivo de diminuir a sua dívida bruta para US$ 60 bilhões até o fim de 2022.
Do lado da Vale, o diretor de Tesouraria e Finanças, Felipe Aigner, diz que a realização de desinvestimentos e o término do ciclo mais intenso de investimentos, com a conclusão do Complexo de Carajás, viabilizaram uma redução gradual do endividamento desde 2017. “O período de 2014 a 2016, quando o preço do minério de ferro caiu abaixo de US$ 40 por tonelada (hoje está na faixa de US$ 200), foi duro para as mineradoras.”
Aigner afirma também que, com a rápida recuperação da economia chinesa após os impactos da pandemia, os preços do minério de ferro atingiram patamares historicamente altos. Isso permitiu uma redução adicional da alavancagem da Vale e uma maior geração de caixa, mesmo após a empresa cumprir as suas obrigações de reparação legal pelas perdas de Brumadinho, retomar sua política de distribuição de dividendos e anunciar um programa de recompra de ações.
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