Para além das decisões judiciais acerca de pessoas específicas, houve ou não casos gritantes de corrupção no passado do País?
Fabio Giambiagi*, O Estado de S.Paulo
Defrontado com a Inquisição para que renegasse suas ideias acerca do funcionamento do que hoje conhecemos como sistema solar, Galileu Galilei teria se submetido à determinação a ele imposta, mas não sem antes exclamar “Eppur si muove!”, o que podia ser entendido como: “O.k., vocês venceram, mas isso não muda o fato de que a Terra se move em torno do Sol – e não o contrário”.
É impossível não lembrar da frase ao pensar sobre o significado das reviravoltas da nossa Justiça, notadamente a partir de decisões do próprio Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), acerca das denúncias de corrupção julgadas em anos anteriores e, posteriormente, anuladas em razão de vícios processuais. É natural que quem foi por elas beneficiado reclame inocência. Não é isso, contudo, que queremos discutir hoje neste espaço, mas outra coisa: o que foi que aconteceu realmente no período que foi objeto daquelas decisões? Para o debate que o País terá de encarar em 2022, é isto o que interessa: “Aquilo tudo” aconteceu? Ou seja, para além das decisões judiciais acerca de pessoas específicas, houve ou não casos gritantes de corrupção naqueles anos? Quais foram os fatos?
Nestes tempos de pandemia, estou devorando o livro A Organização (Companhia das Letras), de Malu Gaspar. Daqui a 50 anos, quando os historiadores se debruçarem sobre estas nossas duas primeiras décadas de século, tão conturbadas, creio que será leitura obrigatória – e não o voto enfadonho das diversas decisões judiciais, contraditórias entre si.
Cito M. Gaspar, que menciona o principal executivo da empresa em questão num discurso de final do ano para os principais executivos do grupo (página 84): “Mostrava fotos da equipe, citando o nome de cada um, e pedia aplausos aos que iam aparecendo na tela. Foi quando surgiu a figura de um senhor grisalho. ‘Gente, este é o Ferreira. Quem sabe o que o Ferreira faz bate palmas para ele! Quem não sabe… melhor continuar não sabendo!’. A plateia caiu na gargalhada. Praticamente todos sabiam quem era”. Nestas linhas aparece o fundo de nossa tragédia: a complacência com o ilícito, a graça diante do inaceitável, a mistura entre o legal e o ilegal, o “por trás do pano” etc. Em resumo, a antítese do que seja uma República. Sim, o personagem citado era encarregado da função que o leitor imaginou que tinha: fazer aquilo que não era dito, mas que todos sabiam que era feito. E o discurso foi de 1990! Ou seja, bem antes de tantas coisas ocorridas muito tempo depois. A matriz, porém, estava lá. Todos sabemos que, anos depois, aquilo que fez toda a plateia cair na gargalhada seria levado ao paroxismo.
Na página 164 do livro, a autora reproduz o diálogo do então presidente Lula com o falecido José E. Dutra, o presidente da Petrobrás que estava fazendo jogo duro para substituir Rogério Manso, diretor de Abastecimento da empresa e que era pressionado por um notório personagem da política da época (hoje falecido) para entregar a lista das empresas com as quais a área fazia negócio, ao que o diretor, republicanamente, respondeu: “Não vou entregar lista nenhuma. Eu não sei quem mandou vocês aqui, mas podem voltar para essa pessoa e dizer que não vai rolar”. Quem rolou, porém, foi o próprio diretor… Pouco depois, Lula teria chamado o presidente da Petrobrás e dito: “Dutra, se o Paulo Roberto Costa não estiver nomeado em uma semana, eu vou demitir e trocar todos os conselheiros da Petrobrás”. O resto é História.
O Brasil merece um futuro melhor do que este presente abjeto, mas tratar do futuro implica ficar em paz com os fatos do passado – e não deixar o passado em paz. Independentemente da Justiça, para que o que o livro expõe não se repita mais, o que o País precisa avaliar é: vamos reconhecer que tudo isso aconteceu? Ou fazer de conta (e o nome disso é “negacionismo”) de que tudo não passou de uma invenção? Neste caso, o livro da Malu deveria sair da estante de Política das livrarias e ir para a seção de ficção.
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