América Latina
Por
Leonardo Coutinho – Gazeta do Povo
| Foto: Ricardo Stuckert/ Instituto Lula
Para a maioria dos brasileiros, a América Latina é um lugar tão distante quanto a Indonésia, no lado oposto do planeta. A Nicarágua é um desses países da nossa região que quase ninguém presta atenção. Na realidade nem liga. Nesta semana, o ditador Daniel Ortega, que está no poder desde 2007, resolveu fazer um ajuste fino no processo eleitoral marcado para novembro. Ele mandou para cadeia uma série de pré-candidatos que planejavam desafiá-lo em uma eleição, que convenhamos, ninguém razoável acredita na legitimidade. Mesmo assim, Ortega entrou em modo de combate e, além de prender opositores, também encarcerou seus amigos. Gente que lutou com ele nos tempos de guerrilha e que, passadas mais de quatro décadas de colaboração, resolveu criticar o ditador.
Para quem não faz ideia de quem é Ortega, o sujeito aparece na fotografia que ilustra esta coluna entre os ex-presidentes Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff, ambos do PT. Atrás dele está Guilherme Boulos, a estrela do PSOL e da resistência acampada nas trincheiras do Leblon e dos Jardins. A mesma imagem reúne o que há de mais despótico, autoritário e sombrio na esquerda latino-americana. Na linha de frente estão ainda o então presidente de Cuba Raúl Castro – atualmente aposentado –, o venezuelano Nicolás Maduro e o cocaleiro Evo Morales, que presidiu a Bolívia entre 2006 e 2019. O carequinha ao lado de Lula é Vagner Freitas, presidente da CUT. Todos foram a Cuba para assistir o sepultamento de Fidel Castro, em dezembro de 2016.
Poucos meses depois deste registro, a tragédia venezuelana, aquela que é mais familiar para os brasileiros, ganharia contornos ainda mais dramáticos. Maduro fez uso da violência desmedida para matar 163 pessoas em ações de repressão aos venezuelanos que foram às ruas, naquele ano de 2017, pedindo mais de que o direito a eleições justas e limpas. Eles queriam coisas absolutamente básicas, entre as quais comida. Mas, na campanha presidencial de 2018, Boulos não se avexou em dizer que a Venezuela é uma democracia.
Em 2018, seria a vez de Ortega mostrar que sempre pode piorar. Ele ordenou uma repressão aos protestos contra o seu governo que resultou em um saldo de 328 mortos, em um intervalo de apenas três meses de distúrbios. As cifras falam por si, mas apenas para fins de comparação, em 21 anos de governos militares no Brasil foram oficialmente reconhecidos 434 mortes e desaparecimentos. Uma conta que inclui os dois lados da contenda.
No Brasil se vulgarizou a comparação de Jair Bolsonaro com Hugo Chávez. Todos os dias surge um ingrediente novo para dizer que há semelhanças entre ambos. Um esforço contínuo para tentar evocar a imagem de um ditador notório como exemplo do que seria ou pode vir a ser o brasileiro. A comparação ficou ainda mais atraente quando surgiu uma entrevista de 1999 na qual Bolsonaro, movido pela ignorância endêmica em assuntos latino-americanos, saudou a ascensão de Chávez ao poder, pelo simples fato de o venezuelano ser um militar.
Posso estar enganado, mas não me lembro de ter visto, lido ou escutado alguém que aparece nesta foto chamando o governo atual de bolsochavista. E suspeito por quê. Eles não o fazem porque para eles chavismo não é ofensa. Tampouco castrismo ou “orteguismo”, caso o termo existisse.
A confraternização com essas ditaduras não causa constrangimento. Aliás, é movida pela admiração.
Conjecturando, apenas conjecturando, não deveria, então, soar ofensivo usar termos como bouloschavista, lulorteguismo, boulorteguista ou lulochavismo. Não faltariam combinações possíveis para definir as afinidades.
Mas é claro que seria uma grande forçação de barra. A mesma que é recorrer à saída fácil de ver Hugo Chávez espelhado nas ações do governo brasileiro sem perguntar para quem de fato viveu a destruição de um país inteiro bem ao lado do Brasil o que é o chavismo para valer.
Nesta semana, a Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) aprovou uma resolução condenando os atos recentes de Ortega. Os únicos votos contrários foram os da própria Nicarágua, da Bolívia e San Vicente e Granadinas. México e Argentina se abstiveram. Uma forma menos feia de dizer a Ortega. “Tamo junto!”. A Venezuela só não votou pela ditadura, porque na OEA quem tem poder de voto é o governo paralelo de Juan Guaidó. Se Maduro apitasse por lá, Ortega teria mais um aliado para seus crimes.
Por muito tempo, considerei a fotografia acima como um monumento ao nosso atraso. Uma peça do museu de tragédias latino-americanas. Mas estava enganado. É um instantâneo do presente. Lá no fundo, o grandão de cabelos brancos, está Miguel Díaz-Canel, que substituiu Raúl Castro na presidência. Na frente dele está David Choquehuanca, atual vice-presidente da Bolívia, a mesma que não vê problema algum no que Ortega faz na Nicarágua.
Mais do que o passado e o presente, esta pode ser uma imagem do futuro. Esta é a América Latina. Muitos brasileiros se esquecem, mas também fazem parte dela.
Leia mais em: https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/vozes/leonardo-coutinho/um-retrato-do-passado-do-presente-e-um-projeto-de-futuro/
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