Cristiane Romano
Ray Birdwhistell foi um antropólogo americano pioneiro nos estudos da linguagem corporal. Na década de 80, ele afirmou que “apenas 35% do significado social de qualquer interação corresponde às palavras pronunciadas, pois o homem é um ser multissensorial que, de vez em quando, verbaliza”. Os outros 65% acontecem por meio de gestos, olhares e demais recursos silenciosos.
Diversos estudos já comprovaram que cerca de 93% da comunicação entre pessoas acontece pela linguagem corporal. Durante um estudo sobre o tema, realizado por psicólogos das Universidades de Harvard e Columbia, uma das pesquisadoras, Amy Cuddy, afirmou que “nossos corpos mudam nossas mentes e nossas mentes podem mudar nosso comportamento. E nosso comportamento pode mudar nosso destino”.
“É por meio dos gestos que conseguimos estimular o canal visual dos ouvintes, aumentando as chances de eles reterem melhor, e por mais tempo, as informações que estamos transmitindo. Em outras palavras, se usada com equilíbrio, a expressão corporal dá vida ao discurso, passa segurança e confiança no que está sendo dito”, afirma a Dra. Cristiane Romano, Mestre e Doutora em Ciências e Expressividade pela USP, especialista em Oratória, também pela USP, e pós-graduada em Gestão e Estratégia de Marketing pela PUC/MG.
E, para usar a linguagem corporal a seu favor, Cristiane Romano dá as dicas:
Atente-se à postura
Se o intuito é passar entusiasmo, jamais mantenha os ombros contraídos e caídos. Essa postura transmite desânimo, cansaço ou até desleixo. Já os braços cruzados demonstram uma postura defensiva ou desinteressada. O ideal é mantê-los na região da cintura e do peito.
Cuidado com os gestos
Através de gestos, você passa mais informação do que imagina, já que eles também representam e reproduzem ideias. Posturas como arrumar a roupa, ajeitar o cabelo ou até se coçar devem ser evitadas ao máximo, pois, além de deselegantes, podem desviar a atenção do público, que acaba se perdendo no seu discurso. Para evitar gestos involuntários, use as mãos para fazer referências, como enfatizar tamanhos, direções ou quantidades, por exemplo.
Lembre-se de que os olhos são a janela da alma
Ficar olhando ao seu redor demonstra desinteresse, da mesma forma que olhar para baixo, sem encarar o público, denota insegurança. É importante olhar nos olhos das pessoas que estão te escutando. Evite também olhar fixo para uma única pessoa. Varie o foco constantemente.
Pense antes de se movimentar
É claro que você não precisa ficar a apresentação inteira feito estátua, mas seus movimentos devem ser lógicos e complementares. O indicado é se movimentar de acordo com o ritmo da fala e o contexto do assunto. Manter o peso do corpo apoiado a uma única perna também é deselegante. Deixe as plantas dos pés bem apoiadas ao chão e as pernas ligeiramente afastadas, sem pender para qualquer dos lados.
Seja natural, mas nem tanto
Torcer o nariz, os dedos ou piscar repetidamente são trejeitos que passam despercebidos no dia a dia, mas que podem ser potencializados quando você está diante de uma plateia. O ideal é mostrar naturalidade (com bom senso) e simpatia quando o assunto permitir. Isso cria sintonia com o seu público.
“É inegável que falar bem é fundamental no discurso, mas é necessário entender que isso é apenas parte de um conjunto de fatores que engloba expressões corporais e faciais. Embora seja possível que você não consiga controlar todos estes aspectos devido ao nervosismo, vale se exercitar constantemente. Se for preciso, conte com o suporte de um especialista que te ajudará a se livrar dos maus hábitos ao falar em público”, enfatiza Cristiane Romano.
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